• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to a urea solution spraying apparatus for use in an exhaust gas purifying apparatus for suppressing generation of by-products when the SO 3 content in the exhaust gas is high or when urea solution is sprayed into a region where the temperature of the exhaust gas is low. The urea solution spraying device supplies ammonia to an SCR catalyst 6 a of a denitrification reactor 6 of an exhaust gas purification device 7. The denitrification reactor 6 is disposed between an exhaust manifold 3 that traps exhaust gas discharged from exhaust connection pipes 2 connected to exhaust ports 1a of an engine 1, and an exhaust path 5 upstream of a turbine 4a of a turbocharger 4. The urea solution spraying device has an evaporating pipe 10 disposed in the exhaust manifold 3 and connected to a branch pipe 9 branched from an air supply path 8 downstream of a compressor 4b of the turbocharger 4 and a nozzle 11 spraying urea solution into the air. which flows through the evaporation tube 10. Corrosion and blockage of the exhaust path can thereby be prevented and the performance of the SCR catalyst can be maintained properly.
    公开号:CH707487B1
    申请号:CH00885/14
    申请日:2012-10-31
    公开日:2017-05-15
    发明作者:Okazaki C/O Hitachi Zosen Corporation Shigeki
    申请人:Hitachi Shipbuilding Eng Co；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a urea solution spraying apparatus for use in an exhaust gas purifying apparatus which purifies nitrogen oxides contained in exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine (hereinafter referred to as nitrogen oxides or NOx) by reacting NOx with a reducing agent in the presence of a selective reduction catalyst (hereinafter called "SCR catalyst") causes.
    Background Art [0002] A technology for purifying NOx contained in exhaust gas is known. For example, a denitrification reactor having an intermediate SCR catalyst is installed downstream of an exhaust pipe of an engine, and ammonia gas is added as a reductant in an exhaust path upstream of a denitrification reactor for purifying NOx contained in the exhaust gas in the denitrification reactor (see Patent Reference 1).
    However, ammonia gas and ammonia water are highly toxic and therefore dangerous, and they are also disadvantageous for various reasons such as having strong and irritating odor and the like. Because of this, strict limitations apply to loading such materials on ships and the like. Conventionally, in the application of exhaust gas purifying devices employing the SCR catalyst, an arrangement in which urea which is chemically stable is used as a reducing agent precursor and stored in a tank for forming urea solution is mostly employed. The urea solution is sprayed from a nozzle into the exhaust path upstream of the denitration reactor (for example, see Patent Reference 2).
    In the aforementioned arrangement, when the temperature in the exhaust path is sufficiently high, the urea solution sprayed from the nozzle into the exhaust path is hydrolyzed as shown in equation (1) below before reaching the SCR catalyst, ammonia gas (NH3 ) is produced. (NH 2) 2 CO + H 2 OH 3 + CO 2 (1) The ammonia gas generated in the hydrolysis is supplied to the SCR catalyst, and denitration reactions as represented by the following equations (2) and (3) are interposed the ammonia and the NOx contained in the exhaust gas on the SCR catalyst. As a result, NOx decomposes into nitrogen and water, rendering it harmless. 4NH3 + 4NO + 02 4N2 + 6H20... (2) 2NH3 + NO + N02 -> 2N2 + 3H20. In this way, it is in the exhaust gas purifying apparatus that uses the SCR catalyst when Urea solution must be used for safety reasons, requires that the hydrolytic reaction represented by equation (1) takes place reliably while the sprayed urea solution flows in the exhaust path. To achieve this, in a conventional NOx purifying apparatus such as disclosed in Patent Reference 2, for example, a muffler is disposed between the nozzle supplying the urea solution and a NOx catalyst. The function of the silencer is to promote the production of ammonia.
    In addition, in another conventional technique, in a with a, as shown in Fig. 2, exhaust manifold 101 equipped four-cylinder diesel engine 102 for ships often an evaporation tube 107, which favors the hydrolysis of urea solution, of a Nozzle 105 is sprayed with the evaporation tube 107 disposed between the urea solution spraying nozzle 105 and an SCR catalyst 106. The urea solution spraying nozzle 105 and the SCR catalyst 106 are disposed in an exhaust path 104 upstream of a turbine 103 a of a turbocharger 103.
    However, in such diesel engines using as fuel, for example, heavy oil C having a high sulfur content, the SO 3 content in the exhaust gas is high. When the SO 3 in the exhaust gas and ammonia generated due to the hydrolysis of the urea solution come into contact with each other in a region where the temperature has dropped due to the urea solution spraying, salts such as ammonium sulfate (NH 4) 2 SO 4) and acidic ammonium sulfate fall (NH4) HS04) as by-products. As these by-products accumulate in the exhaust path, they cause corrosion and blockage of the exhaust path. As these by-products also accumulate on the SCR catalyst, the catalyzing activity of the SCR catalyst decreases.
    Specifically, when in a configuration such as the muffler disclosed in Patent Reference 2 or the evaporation tube 107 shown in Fig. 2, the urea solution is sprayed in a region where the temperature of the exhaust gas has dropped and that downstream of the exhaust manifold , in which hot exhaust gas, which has just left the exhaust ports of the engine, a temperature of, for example, between 300 ° C and 450 ° C has. In this area, however, the mist of urea solution adheres to the wall surfaces, and the wall surface temperature drops, forming by-products easily. For example, even in engines that do not use heavy oil C, cyanuric acid is formed as a by-product when the urea solution adheres to the wall surfaces and the wall surface temperature drops, because the hydrolysis does not proceed in a desired manner, resulting in further accumulation of material and the like Exhaust path leads.
    When the configuration such as the evaporation tube 107 is used as shown in Fig. 2, the ammonia generated as a result of hydrolysis of the urea solution does not spread uniformly and instead is supplied to the SCR catalyst 106 in an uneven manner. When this happens, the progress of the denitration reaction represented by equations (2) and (3) may become inadequate.
    Cited prior art
    Patent References Patent Reference 1: Japanese Utility Model Application Publication No. H2-115 912 Patent Reference 2: Japanese Patent Publication No. 2003-293,739
    Summary of the Invention Technical Problem of the Invention In the conventional exhaust gas purifying apparatus, the urea solution is sprayed into an environment of high SO 3 content in the exhaust gas because high sulfur fuel is used. This lowers the temperature of the exhaust gas and by-products such as ammonium sulfate and acid ammonium sulfate are easily generated. Moreover, in conventional exhaust gas purification devices, by-products such as cyanuric acid and the like are easily generated when the sprayed urea solution adheres to the wall surfaces. The present invention is intended to solve the problems of corrosion and blockage of the exhaust gas path and the reduction of the performance of the SCR catalyst caused by the by-products.
    Technical Solution The object is achieved according to the invention by a urea solution spray arrangement having the features of claim 1. A urea solution spraying device according to the present invention is capable of supplying ammonia to an SCR catalyst of a denitration reactor of an exhaust gas purifying device, wherein the denitrification reactor intercepts an exhaust gas exhaust pipe exhausted from exhaust connection pipes connected to the exhaust ports of the engine and an exhaust path upstream upstream of a turbine of a turbocharger is arranged. Features of the urea solution spray assembly include an evaporation tube disposable and connectable in the exhaust manifold with a branch tube branched from an air supply path downstream of a compressor of the turbocharger; and a nozzle configured to spray urea solution into the air introduced into the evaporation tube via the branch pipe.
    In an exhaust gas purification device having a urea solution spray device according to the present invention, the evaporation tube connected to the branch pipe branched from the air supply path downstream of the compressor of the turbocharger is disposed in the exhaust manifold, and spraying of the urea solution and hydrolysis in ammonia are completed in the evaporation tube instead. While high-temperature air compressed by the compressor flows into the evaporation tube, the air is in the air-supply port of the engine before insertion and does not contain S03. Thus, even when using high sulfur fuel, the production of by-products such as ammonium sulfate and acid ammonium sulfate can be suppressed.
    Moreover, in an exhaust gas purifying device urea solution spraying device according to the present invention, the wall surfaces of the evaporating tube arranged in the exhaust manifold are sufficiently heated by the gas of high temperature which has just been expelled from the exhaust connecting pipes. For this reason, a sufficient temperature can be secured in the area where the urea solution is sprayed, so that generation of by-products such as cyanuric acid can also be prevented. Even if a by-product is generated in a low-load state of the engine and adheres to the wall surfaces of the evaporating pipe, the wall surfaces of the evaporating pipe will again become high temperature when the engine is in a high-load state, so temporarily adhering by-products are degraded.
    In this way, according to the present invention, the generation of by-products such as ammonium sulfate, acid ammonium sulfate and cyanuric acid can be suppressed, corrosion and blocking of the exhaust path can be prevented, and the performance of the SCR catalyst can be properly maintained.
    Brief description of the drawings [0018]
    FIG. 1 shows an example of a configuration of an exhaust gas purification device having a urea solution spray device according to the present invention.
    Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of a configuration of a conventional diesel engine for ships. Embodiments of the invention It is an object of the present invention to suppress the generation of by-products such as ammonium sulfate, acidic ammonium sulfate and cyanuric acid in an exhaust gas purifying apparatus even when the SO 3 content in the exhaust gas is high or when the substance solution is sprayed in one area where the temperature of the exhaust gas is low. This purpose is fulfilled by using the following arrangement.
    A fuel-spraying assembly capable of supplying ammonia to an SCR catalyst of a denitrification reactor of an exhaust gas purification device, wherein the denitration reactor intercepts an exhaust gas exhaust pipe exhausted from exhaust connection pipes connected to the exhaust ports of the engine and an exhaust path upstream of a turbine of a turbocharger includes, disposed on a in the exhaust manifold and with one of an air supply path downstream of a compressor of a
    Exhaust gas turbocharger branched branch pipe connected evaporation tube, and a nozzle that sprays the fl uid solution into air introduced via the branch pipe in the evaporation tube.
    Embodiments An exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be explained below with reference to FIG. In Fig. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a diesel engine for ships to which a fuel spray assembly according to the present invention is applied. The diesel engine is provided with an exhaust manifold 3 that collects high-temperature gas discharged from exhaust connection pipes 2, which are respectively connected to exhaust ports 1a on cylinder heads. The exhaust manifold 3 directs the trapped exhaust gas into an exhaust path 5 upstream of a turbine 4a of a turbocharger 4. A major portion of the fuel assembly according to the present invention is implemented on the inside of the exhaust manifold 3 and continuously disposed with the exhaust manifold 3. The part includes a denitrification reactor 6 and an exhaust gas purification device 7 disposed between the exhaust path 5 upstream of the turbine 4a and the exhaust manifold 3. Reference numeral 4b denotes a compressor for the turbocharger 4, and reference numeral 8 denotes an air supply path through which compressed air from the compressor 4b is supplied.
    An evaporation tube 10 is arranged in the exhaust manifold 3. The evaporation pipe 10 is connected to a branch pipe 9 branched from a branch portion 8a of the air supply path 8 downstream of the compressor 4b. One end of the evaporating pipe 10 is connected to the branch pipe 9, and the other end opens into the exhaust manifold 3 via ejection holes 10a.
    Reference numeral 11 denotes a nozzle for spraying the solution of flarnar in air introduced from the branch pipe 9 into the evaporation pipe 10. The air flowing through the evaporation tube 10 is compressed by the compressor 4b and is in a high temperature state. Since this air has not yet been introduced into an air supply port of an engine 1, it does not contain S03. In the urea solution spraying device according to the teaching of the present embodiment, the high-temperature air containing no SO 3 is introduced into the evaporating pipe 10, and the floure solution is sprayed inside the evaporating pipe 10 to favor the flydrolysis of the solution of the fl uid. For this reason, even when using fuel having a high sulfur content, generation of by-products due to a reaction of ammonia and SO 3 can be suppressed.
    The nozzle 11 is preferably disposed in a region (a region other than a region A) in which the evaporation tube 10 is located inside the exhaust manifold 3 as a region in which the evaporation tube 10 projects outward on the exhaust manifold 3 (FIG. Area A). This is because the wall surface of the evaporation tube 10 can be maintained at high temperatures at all times by directly exposing the high-temperature exhaust gas just discharged from the exhaust ports of the exhaust connection pipes 2, so that the generation of by-products due to low temperature can be suppressed.
    Specifically, the evaporation tube 10 may be arranged in its longitudinal direction parallel to the direction in which the exhaust ports of the exhaust connection pipes 2 are arranged with the exhaust ports 1a of the cylinders of the engine 1, and the nozzle 11 may be positioned in such a way that Region B, in which the urea solution sprayed from the nozzle 11 flows, is located on the opposite side of the exhaust ports of the exhaust connection pipes 2.
    The denitration reactor 6 has an interposed SCR catalyst 6a which selectively removes NOx by reduction contained in the exhaust gas discharged from the engine 1 and is a cause of environmental pollution such as causing acid rain and photochemical smog. As the SCR catalyst 6a, a desired
    Catalyst under metal oxide catalysts, such as an aluminum, zirconium, vanadium / titanium catalyst or a zeolite catalyst can be selected. These catalysts can be combined with each other. The SCR catalyst 6a may be disposed on a honeycomb catalyst carrier or may be disposed in a casing. The urea solution spray device according to the present invention supplies ammonia to the SCR catalyst 6a in a fully hydrolyzed state.
    In the present embodiment, a hydrolysis catalyst 12, which promotes the hydrolysis of urea solution, is disposed inside the evaporation tube 10 downstream of the nozzle 11. The purpose of the arrangement of the hydrolysis catalyst 12 is to increase the efficiency of the hydrolysis. As the hydrolysis catalyst 12, any catalyst such as a titanium oxide catalyst or an alkali metal catalyst may be used as far as it promotes ammonia generation.
    In the present embodiment, the ejection holes 10a are disposed downstream of the hydrolysis catalyst 12 of the evaporation tube 10. The ammonia generated as a result of hydrolysis of urea solution is ejected through these ejection holes 10a against the SCR catalyst 6a. Since the ammonia gas generated as a result of the hydrolysis in the evaporation tube 10 flows through these ejection holes 10a having a small diameter and is ejected under high pressure into the exhaust gas in the exhaust manifold 3, the ammonia gas is sufficiently diffused in the exhaust gas when the SCR catalyst 6a, so that the denitration reaction can proceed satisfactorily.
    In the present embodiment, the evaporation tube 10 provided with the nozzle 11 and the hydrolysis catalyst 12 are installed in the exhaust manifold 3. Thereby, in comparison with the conventional apparatus in which the evaporation pipe in the exhaust path 5 upstream of the turbine 4a, the required space can be reduced. Further, in the present embodiment, as compared with the conventional apparatus in which the exhaust manifold and the exhaust pipe are arranged in parallel to each other, the length of the exhaust path to the turbocharger 4 can be reduced. As a result, the loss of air pressure in the exhaust path can be advantageously reduced.
    Reference numeral 13 denotes an air cooler 8 arranged on the air supply path. The temperature of the air compressed by the compressor 4b increases, and the air tends to expand; however, as air expands, its density and volume decreases. As a measure, in this case, the air is supplied to the engine 1 after the temperature has dropped by cooling the air in the air cooler 13.
    In the urea solution spray device according to the teaching of the present invention, when the air cooler 13 is arranged on the air supply path 8, the position at which the branch pipe 9 is branched from the air supply path 8 (branch portion 8a) is upstream of the air cooler 13 embarrassed. This is because, according to the present invention, from the viewpoint of promoting the hydrolysis of the urea solution, it is more efficient to supply high-temperature air to the evaporation pipe 10.
    Reference numeral 14 denotes a receiver tank arranged downstream of the air cooler 13. When the engine 1 starts to consume air, the air is quickly supplied from the receiver tank 14. As soon as the pressure in the receiver tank drops due to the outflow of air, air is fed from the compressor 4b in the receiver tank, so there is no shortage of air supply even if beyond the capacity of air immediately needed.
    As explained above, in the urea solution spraying device according to the present invention, the evaporation pipe connected to the branch pipe branched from the air supply path downstream of the compressor of the turbocharger is arranged in the exhaust manifold, and the urea solution is sprayed into the evaporation pipe to cause the hydrolysis of ammonia , Therefore, even when using high sulfur fuel in an engine, generation of by-products such as ammonium sulfate and acid ammonium sulfate can be suppressed. Moreover, the wall surfaces of the evaporation tube disposed in the exhaust manifold are sufficiently heated by the exhaust gas of high temperature just discharged from the exhaust connection pipes, a sufficient temperature can be ensured in the area where the urea solution is sprayed, and the generation of by-products such as cyanuric acid can also be prevented.
    For example, in the above embodiment, a constant amount of air is introduced from the air supply path 8 via the branch pipe 9 into the evaporation pipe 10. However, the denitrification process by SCR catalyst 6a may not always be necessary. For example, the denitrification process may be omitted when the ship travels on the open sea to accomplish this, a diverter valve may be placed in the branching region 8a to interrupt the entry of the air into the branch pipe 9 if the denitrification process is not needed, so that the entire air can be fed to the air cooler 13.
    Industrial Applicability The urea spray device according to the present invention can be applied not only to diesel engines for ships but also to diesel engines for automobiles.
    权利要求:
    Claims (4)
    [1]
    A urea spray device, wherein the urea spray device is capable of supplying ammonia to an SCR catalyst (6a) of a denitration reactor (6) of an exhaust gas purification device (7), the denitrification reactor (6) being connected between an exhaust manifold (3) provided with Exhaust gas openings of an engine (1) connected exhaust gas connection pipes (2) exhausted exhaust gas, and an exhaust path (5) upstream of a turbine (4a) of a turbocharger (4) is arranged, wherein the urea spray assembly comprises an evaporation tube (10) which is suitable being disposed in the exhaust manifold (3) and connected to a branch pipe (9) branched off from an air supply path (8) downstream of a compressor (4b) of the turbocharger (4); and wherein the urea spray assembly comprises a nozzle (11) adapted to spray urea solution into air introduced into the evaporation tube (10) via the branch pipe (9).
    [2]
    2. A urea spray device according to claim 1, wherein the nozzle (11) is disposed in a region of the evaporation tube (10) in which the evaporation tube (10) is located inside the exhaust manifold (3) when the urea spray assembly in the exhaust manifold (3) is arranged.
    [3]
    The urea spray device according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a hydrolysis catalyst (12) disposed inside the evaporation tube (10) downstream of the nozzle (11) to promote hydrolysis of the urea solution.
    [4]
    The urea spray device according to claim 3, wherein the evaporation tube (10) has ejection holes (10a) further downstream of the hydrolysis catalyst (12) for ejecting ammonia generated as a result of hydrolysis of the urea solution toward the SCR catalyst (10). 6a).
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
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